In finance and business, issuers are entities, typically financial institutions or governments, that issue financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, or credit cards to investors or consumers. Issuers can range from large corporations issuing stocks to raise capital, governments issuing bonds to finance projects, to banks and credit card companies issuing credit cards to consumers. They play a pivotal role in financial markets by providing avenues for investment, borrowing, and financial transactions. Understanding the issuer is important for assessing the credibility, risk, and potential returns associated with the financial instruments they issue.